Is Growing Rhubarb From Seed Right For You?
Starting rhubarb from seed is a viable method for cultivating this hardy perennial, offering a cost-effective way to establish a new patch. Unlike planting divisions or crowns, growing rhubarb from seed requires more time and patience, as it can take two to three years before the plants are robust enough for harvesting. However, this approach also presents the opportunity to experiment with different varieties and potentially develop plants with unique characteristics suited to your specific garden conditions.
While many gardeners opt for the quicker results of planting established crowns, beginning with seeds allows for a deeper understanding of the plant's life cycle and provides a greater sense of accomplishment. It's particularly useful if you're seeking a specific heirloom variety that isn't readily available as a division, or if you want to grow a large number of plants economically. Consider your available time and your desire for a hands-on growing experience when deciding if sowing rhubarb seeds is the best route for your garden.
- Growing rhubarb from seed is patient, taking 2-3 years to harvest.
- It's a cost-effective method for establishing new patches.
- Allows for variety experimentation and unique plant development.
- Requires more time and attention than planting crowns.
The primary consideration is the timeline. If you're eager for a harvest within the first year, purchasing established crowns is a more suitable option. However, if you have the foresight and patience, seed propagation can yield a substantial and unique rhubarb collection over time. You'll need a suitable space for germination and early growth, and a commitment to nurturing young seedlings.
Comparing Seed to Crown Planting
When comparing growing rhubarb from seed versus planting established crowns, the differences are stark. Crowns offer immediate results and are generally more forgiving for novice gardeners. They are essentially mature, dormant plants ready to grow. Sowing seeds, on the other hand, is akin to starting from scratch. It involves careful germination, delicate seedling care, and a longer period before the plant matures to a harvestable state. The genetic variability in seed-grown rhubarb also means that not all offspring will be identical to the parent plant, which can be a drawback if you're aiming for specific characteristics, but a distinct advantage if you're keen on discovery.
The investment in time and effort is significantly higher when starting from seed. You'll need to manage germination temperatures, provide consistent moisture, and protect young plants from pests and adverse weather. However, the reward lies in the journey and the potential for a truly bespoke rhubarb patch. The initial outlay for seeds is typically much lower than for crowns, making it an attractive option for budget-conscious gardeners or those looking to fill a larger area.
The Process of Growing Rhubarb From Seed
Successfully growing rhubarb from seed begins with selecting high-quality seeds. It's advisable to purchase seeds from reputable horticultural suppliers to ensure good germination rates and true-to-type varieties. Rhubarb seeds require specific conditions to germinate effectively, typically needing a period of cold stratification followed by warmth.
To stratify the seeds, mix them with a slightly damp medium, such as vermiculite or sand, and place them in a sealed bag or container in the refrigerator for two to four weeks. This mimics the natural winter conditions that break dormancy. After stratification, sow the seeds in a good quality seed compost, barely covering them with a thin layer of compost or vermiculite. The ideal temperature for germination is around 15-20°C. Keep the compost consistently moist but not waterlogged, using a propagator or covering the seed tray with a plastic lid to maintain humidity.
Germination can be erratic, often taking anywhere from 10 days to three weeks, and sometimes longer. Once seedlings appear, ensure they receive plenty of light, such as from a sunny windowsill or under grow lights, to prevent them from becoming leggy. As the seedlings grow and develop their first true leaves, they can be carefully pricked out and transplanted into individual pots or modules filled with a standard potting mix. Handle the delicate roots with care.
Nurturing Young Rhubarb Seedlings
The critical phase for seedlings is their establishment. Once potted on, continue to provide consistent moisture and good light. Avoid direct, scorching sunlight initially, as young plants can be susceptible to drying out. As they grow stronger, gradually acclimatise them to outdoor conditions by 'hardening them off' over a week or two. This involves placing them outside in a sheltered spot during the day and bringing them in at night, slowly increasing their exposure.
When the risk of frost has completely passed and the seedlings are large enough to handle – typically with several sets of true leaves and a well-developed root system – they can be transplanted into their final growing position. Choose a sunny or partially shaded spot with well-drained, fertile soil. Rhubarb is a hungry plant, so incorporating plenty of compost or well-rotted manure into the planting area will greatly benefit its growth. Ensure adequate spacing between plants, typically 90cm to 1.2m apart, to allow for their mature size.
The journey from a tiny seed to a productive rhubarb plant is a testament to horticultural patience and understanding.
When sowing rhubarb seeds, consider sowing more than you think you'll need. Due to natural variability, some seedlings may be weaker or not true to type, so having extras ensures you can select the most vigorous plants for your patch.
Key Considerations for Success
Beyond the initial sowing and transplanting, several factors are crucial for the long-term success of your rhubarb plants grown from seed. Understanding the plant's needs ensures a robust harvest for years to come. Rhubarb thrives in a sunny or partially shaded location and prefers fertile, well-drained soil. It's a perennial that benefits greatly from soil rich in organic matter; incorporating generous amounts of compost or well-rotted manure annually will support healthy growth and good yields.
Watering is essential, especially during dry spells and when the plants are young and establishing. While mature rhubarb plants are relatively drought-tolerant once well-rooted, consistent moisture is key for producing tender, flavourful stalks. Avoid letting the soil become completely dry, but also ensure good drainage to prevent root rot. Mulching around the base of the plants with organic matter can help retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and improve soil fertility over time.
Patience with First Harvests
The most significant aspect to remember when growing rhubarb from seed is patience, particularly concerning the first harvest. As mentioned, it typically takes two to three years for a seedling-grown plant to mature to a point where harvesting is recommended. Harvesting too early can stunt the plant's growth and weaken it significantly, potentially jeopardising its future productivity. In the first year, the focus should be entirely on establishing a strong root system. The second year, a very light harvest might be possible, but it’s often best to delay any significant picking until the third year.
When it is time to harvest, do so by gently pulling the stalks away from the base of the plant rather than cutting them, which can damage the crown. Harvest only the fully developed stalks, leaving younger, smaller ones to mature. Aim to harvest until mid-summer, then allow the plant to recover and store energy for the following year. Over-harvesting can deplete the plant's reserves.
Protecting your rhubarb patch is also important. While generally hardy, young seedlings can be vulnerable to slugs and snails. Mature plants are quite resilient, but in regions with harsh winters, a protective mulch can be beneficial. Ensure that weeds are kept under control, as they compete with the rhubarb for nutrients and water. If you are growing blueberry bushes or strawberry plants in the vicinity, ensure your rhubarb has adequate space and resources.
To encourage stronger growth and earlier maturity from seed-grown rhubarb, consider feeding with a balanced liquid feed every few weeks during the growing season, after the initial establishment phase and once you've passed the first year.
What to Expect from Different Varieties
The genetic diversity inherent in growing rhubarb from seed means that you may encounter a range of characteristics. Some plants might produce the familiar tart, red stalks, while others may yield greener, milder stems. You might also notice variations in stalk thickness, growth habit, and disease resistance. This variability is precisely why seed growing can be so appealing to enthusiasts looking for something unique. However, if you are aiming for consistency, perhaps for jam-making or specific culinary uses where uniform tartness and colour are desired, then purchasing named varieties as crowns is a more predictable route.
When selecting seeds, look for descriptions that mention vigour or suitability for seed-raising if available. Some suppliers may even offer 'F1' hybrid seeds, which can offer more uniform results than open-pollinated varieties. Regardless of the specific variety, the principles of good soil, adequate water, and sufficient sunlight remain paramount for successful cultivation. Comparing the growth and yield of different seedlings over the years can be an interesting project in itself, offering a personalised approach to cultivating this versatile plant.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Even with careful attention, gardeners may encounter issues when growing rhubarb from seed. Understanding common problems and their solutions can help ensure your plants thrive. One frequent concern is poor germination. This can stem from unstratified seeds, incorrect temperatures, or compost that is too wet or too dry. Ensure stratification has occurred if required by the specific seed type and that temperatures are stable within the recommended range.
Leggy seedlings, which are tall, thin, and weak, usually indicate insufficient light. If seedlings are germinating indoors, make sure they are placed in the brightest possible location or supplemented with grow lights. Overcrowding can also lead to weak growth as seedlings compete for light and resources. Pricking out seedlings into individual pots as soon as they are large enough to handle is vital for their development.
Pest and Disease Management
Rhubarb is generally robust, but young seedlings can be susceptible to pests like slugs and snails, which can decimate a crop overnight. Using barriers such as copper tape around pots, or deploying organic slug pellets, can help protect vulnerable plants. Aphids can sometimes appear on new growth, but these are often managed by a strong jet of water or by encouraging natural predators.
Diseases are less common, especially in well-managed, well-spaced plants. However, root rot can occur in waterlogged soil, highlighting the importance of good drainage. Crown rot, a more serious fungal disease, can affect established plants. Symptoms include wilting, yellowing leaves, and a slimy, foul-smelling rot at the base. Affected plants should be removed and destroyed to prevent spread. Ensuring good air circulation and avoiding overwatering are key preventative measures.
If you notice powdery mildew on rhubarb leaves, especially later in the season, improve air circulation by spacing plants adequately and watering the soil directly rather than wetting the foliage. A diluted baking soda spray can also sometimes help manage mild cases.
Observing your plants regularly is the best defence against problems. Catching issues early, whether pest infestations or signs of disease, makes them far easier to manage. While growing rhubarb from seed presents its own challenges, the satisfaction of nurturing these plants from their very beginnings far outweighs the occasional setback. Just like tending a blueberry bush planting or managing a grape vine, consistent care and observation are rewarded.