What Bulbs Can You Plant in February?
February presents a crucial opportunity for gardeners to get ahead, planting bulbs that will reward them with vibrant displays later in the year. While much of the planting for autumn bulbs is complete, this month is ideal for specific varieties, particularly those destined for summer blooms or for those seeking to fill any gaps in the spring planting schedule. The key is to select bulbs that can tolerate cooler soil temperatures and emerging moisture, or those that are specifically suited to a February planting, often referred to as 'long-season' bulbs.
- Plant summer-flowering bulbs now for later blooms.
- Choose varieties tolerant of cooler, moist soil.
- Prepare soil well for optimal drainage and nutrient uptake.
- Consider bulbs that benefit from a longer growing season.
When considering what bulbs to plant in February, it's important to differentiate between those that require chilling (often pre-chilled by suppliers) and those that are hardy enough to go straight into the ground. Many popular summer-flowering bulbs, such as dahlias, gladioli, and begonias, are best planted from late February onwards as the soil begins to warm, but some more robust options can be introduced earlier. Hardy perennials that grow from bulbs, rhizomes, or tubers can often be planted as soon as the ground is workable, even if it's still cold.
The primary advantage of planting bulbs in February is giving them an extended period to establish their root systems before the peak growing season. This leads to stronger plants and more prolific flowering. It also means you can take advantage of milder, often wetter, weather conditions, which can aid germination and initial growth, provided drainage is adequate. For gardeners in milder climates, late February can be a prime time to get many summer-flowering varieties into the earth.
Preparing Your Planting Site
Successful February planting hinges on proper soil preparation. Regardless of the bulb type, ensure the soil is well-drained. Compacted, waterlogged soil is the enemy of most bulbs, leading to rot. Amending heavy clay soil with grit or compost can significantly improve drainage. If planting in containers, use a good quality potting compost mixed with perlite or grit for added aeration. Aim for a planting depth that suits the specific bulb; a general rule of thumb is to plant them at a depth two to three times their own height, with the pointed end facing upwards where applicable.
The soil temperature is a critical factor. While February can still bring frost, the soil may have begun to thaw. If the ground is frozen or waterlogged, it is best to wait. However, if it is workable, even if cool, many bulbs will begin their slow growth. If you are in a region prone to late frosts, consider planting bulbs in pots that can be moved to a sheltered location if severe weather is forecast, or planting them in a slightly deeper trench to offer more protection.
Top Choices for February Planting
So, what specific bulbs can you confidently plant in February? The selection often leans towards those that appreciate a longer lead time or those that are inherently hardy. These include a range of summer-flowering varieties that benefit greatly from an early start, ensuring they are well-established by the time warmer weather arrives.
Summer-Flowering Bulbs to Consider
Many gardeners associate February planting with summer performers. Dahlias, for instance, are typically planted from March onwards, but if your soil is not too wet and the risk of severe frost has diminished, late February can be an acceptable time to begin. Similarly, gladioli corms can be planted successionally from late February through to May to ensure a continuous display throughout the summer months. Begonias, known for their showy blooms and tolerance for shade, can also be planted from late February onwards, often started off in pots indoors or in a cold frame before being transplanted into their final positions.
Freesias and Ranunculus are another excellent choice for a February planting. These tender bulbs can be planted in well-drained soil, often with a layer of grit at the base of the bulb to prevent waterlogging. They thrive in full sun and will provide stunning cut flowers during the summer. If you are in a milder part of the UK, planting them directly into the ground is feasible. In colder areas, starting them in pots in a greenhouse or cold frame offers a safer approach.
Hardy Perennials and Rhizomes
Beyond true bulbs, February is also a prime time to plant many hardy perennials that grow from rhizomes or tubers, which often behave similarly in the garden. These can include Canna Lilies, which, while technically tender, can be planted in February in milder regions or started indoors in pots. The rhizomes need protection from frost but will begin to grow with the increasing light and temperature. Planting them earlier allows for a more substantial plant by summer.
Another example is the Agapanthus. While often planted in spring, planting the rhizomes in late February or early March, once the ground is workable, allows them to establish roots before the main growing season, leading to more impressive blooms. It's always prudent to check the specific hardiness of the variety you are planting and the conditions in your particular garden microclimate.
Plant a succession of bulbs: To extend your flowering season, consider planting batches of bulbs every few weeks from late February through to April. This technique works particularly well for gladioli and certain annuals that grow from bulbs or corms.
Planting Techniques and Care
Getting the planting technique right is paramount for success, especially when dealing with bulbs in the cooler, wetter conditions of February. Incorrect planting can lead to poor germination, rot, or stunted growth. The general principle is to provide conditions that mimic the bulb's natural environment as closely as possible, promoting root development while preventing disease.
Optimising Bulb Health
When planting bulbs to plant in February, drainage is your most important consideration. If you are planting in beds, incorporate generous amounts of organic matter such as well-rotted compost and sharp sand or grit into the soil. This creates a lighter, more permeable medium that allows excess water to drain away quickly. For bulbs that are particularly susceptible to rot, such as some varieties of lilies or tulips, consider planting them on a bed of horticultural grit at the bottom of the planting hole. This creates a dry zone around the bulb itself.
The depth of planting is also crucial. A common mistake is planting bulbs too shallowly, making them vulnerable to frost damage and drying out, or too deeply, which can prevent them from emerging. A good rule of thumb is to plant bulbs at a depth that is approximately two to three times the height of the bulb itself, measured from the base of the bulb to the soil surface. Always check the specific recommendations for the type of bulb you are planting, as some, like lilies, have different requirements for depth and orientation.
Watering and Protection
While February is often a wet month, especially in the UK, it's important not to overlook watering entirely. If you experience a dry spell, especially if bulbs are planted in containers or in very sandy soil, a light watering may be necessary to encourage root establishment. However, the primary concern remains preventing waterlogging. Ensure containers have adequate drainage holes and are not sitting in saucers full of water.
Protection from frost is another factor, particularly for less hardy varieties or those newly planted. If severe frosts are forecast after planting, a layer of mulch (such as straw, bracken, or loose compost) can provide insulation for the soil and the emerging shoots. For potted bulbs, moving them to a sheltered porch, a cold frame, or an unheated greenhouse can offer a vital buffer against harsh weather. It’s essential to monitor emerging shoots, as these are the most vulnerable parts of the plant.
The subtle shift from winter dormancy to spring growth begins underground; ensuring bulbs have a well-drained, protected foundation in February is key to a spectacular summer display.
Considering Alternatives and Future Planting
While February is an excellent time for planting certain bulbs, it's also wise to consider alternatives if the weather proves uncooperative or if you're looking for different types of garden interest. Understanding the broader planting calendar helps ensure your garden is colourful throughout the seasons.
When to Plant Other Bulbs
If you've missed the boat for specific February plantings or found the conditions unsuitable, don't despair. The planting window for many spring and summer bulbs is quite flexible. For example, while many spring-flowering bulbs like tulips and daffodils are best planted in autumn, some suppliers offer pre-chilled bulbs that can be planted in early spring for a later display. These are often treated to simulate a period of cold weather, allowing them to be planted as late as March or even April in some cases.
Summer-flowering bulbs like lilies, alliums, and crocosmias can also be planted throughout spring, typically from March onwards as the soil warms. The later you plant, the later they will flower. If your focus is on immediate colour, consider planting pre-grown plants or containerised specimens from your local garden centre. These offer instant impact and bypass the germination and establishment phase of bulbs.
Vegetables and Other Plants for February
Beyond ornamental bulbs, February is also a significant month for planting vegetables and other garden plants. Hardy vegetables like broad beans, peas, and spinach can often be sown directly into the ground in mild areas, or started indoors for transplanting later. Potatoes can also be charded (prepared for planting) and some early varieties can be planted out in well-prepared, sheltered ground towards the end of the month. Many gardeners also use February to sow seeds of hardy annuals, which can be transplanted into borders later in spring.
For those interested in what to plant in pots, February is a good time to consider winter-flowering pansies and violas that may still be providing colour, or to prepare pots for spring bedding. Many evergreen shrubs and trees can also be planted during the dormant season, which extends into February, especially if the ground is not frozen. This is an opportune time for structural planting that will form the backbone of your garden.
Check for frost damage signs: After planting bulbs in February, keep an eye out for any signs of frost damage on any emerging shoots. If shoots are blackened or mushy after a hard frost, carefully remove the affected parts to prevent the spread of rot.
February planting provides an excellent head start for a vibrant garden, but success relies on choosing the right bulbs and preparing your soil meticulously for optimal drainage and protection. Understanding the broader planting calendar and considering alternatives ensures continuous garden interest year-round.